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高压线路避雷器的原理和作用?


(1) 高压线路避雷器的作用

高压线路避雷器 6 ~ 220kV 交流输电线路, 是一种悬挂安装在输电铁塔上的新型避雷器.

输电线路避雷器: 主要绝缘氧化锌避雷器.

配电线路避雷器: 阀式避雷器, 管式避雷器, 氧化锌避雷器, ETC.

高压线路避雷器的主要作用是

限制 高压线 雷击过电压.

提高高压线路抗雷击水平.

降低系统中雷电故障引起的跳闸率.

(2) 高压线路避雷器的原理

高压线路避雷器有两种形式.

一通常与线路绝缘子串并联安装, 避雷器可串联形成间隙. 并使击穿电压低于绝缘子串闪络电压.

使高压线路避雷器在绝缘子串击穿前, 它的安装如下.

另一种是无间隙避雷器直接进入系统, 利用避雷器电阻非线性这一特性来保护绝缘子串. 两者都可以提高输电线路的抗雷击水平, 从而降低雷击跳闸率, 提高输电线路运行的可靠性.

高压线路避雷器 和高压线路绝缘子并联. 避雷器动作时, 避雷器的剩余电压低于 50% 绝缘子串放电电压. 即使雷电流增加, 避雷器的剩余电压仅略有增加, 绝缘子仍然没有发生闪络. 闪电流过后, 流过避雷器的续频电流仅为毫安, 流过避雷器的续频电流过零第一时间熄灭, 不会跳闸, 系统恢复正常.

下图说明高压线路避雷器和高压线路绝缘子 伏秒 合作关系的特点. 避雷器的伏秒特性比绝缘子的伏秒特性多 15% 降低, 当反弹, 可以低于 20%.

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