为什么高压电缆不能埋在地下?

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什么是高压电缆?

超高压输电是指使用 500 kV-1000 kV 电压等级传输电力.

如果 220 千伏传输指数为 100%, the relative investment per kilometer of UHV transmission, the relative cost per kilowatt-hour electricity transmission a hundred kilometers and the consumption of metal materials, 等等, have been significantly reduced, and the line corridor utilization rate has been significantly improved.

In our daily lives, we can often see the overhead ultra-high voltage transmission project, whether we have thought about the question: why can not be like the city underground cable, high-voltage power lines all buried underground?

The current underground cables are generally of lower voltage levels.

The transmission of lines with high voltage levels is often overhead, which is mainly a factor of cost and technology. 　　

Underground cables are more complex than the structure of overhead lines, with high technical requirements, manufacturing, and construction difficulties, coupled with the cable buried underground, it is not easy to find faults, overhaul, and maintenance are also more difficult.

And in terms of cost, generally, the same voltage level of the underground cable costs 3 到 5 times higher than the overhead lines. 　　

Characteristics Of High-Voltage Transmission Lines

尤其, our common high-voltage level lines are typically used for long-distance transmission.

If underground cables are used, especially for long-distance transmission regularly through complex terrain, the costs and technical requirements can even skyrocket. 　　

另一方面, also the 地下电缆 itself is inherently “hard”.

Overhead lines in the air in good thermal conditions, while the air around the underground cable does not flow, difficult to dissipate heat, which largely limits the level of power underground cables can transmit.

The important thing is that ultra-high voltage transmission has not been able to find an effective insulation material to do the outer skin insulation layer of the wire.

所以, ultra-high voltage wires are bare and cannot be buried buy underground.

There are distributed capacitances around the wires, through which the current can leak out.

On the one hand to increase consumption, 另一方面, if any animal is closed, there will also be the risk of electrocution.

Air is an insulation, but the earth is a conductor. In overhead lines, it is enough to put the wire directly there.

But in the underground, add a layer of insulation shell outside the wire, 否则, the electricity in the wire did not go far, and the leakage of electricity will leak all that is left.

Underground cables are more complex than the structure of overhead lines, with high technical requirements, manufacturing, and construction difficulties, coupled with the cable buried underground, not easy to find faults, overhaul, and maintenance are also more difficult.

通常来说，一般来说, the cost of underground cables of the same voltage level will be several times or even tens of times that of aerial high-voltage lines.

Ultra-high voltage cables buried underground have both safety and economic problems.

If a fault occurs, its inspection and repair of the cable is a very large project and cannot afford to toss and turn.

所以, the current UHV cables should be hung high in the air.

概括

Underground cable conductors outsourced insulation and protective layer manufacturing are very strict, the human body’s normal contact with the outer skin of the cable will not have any danger.

Cable laying is also very careful, the cable is mostly buried in a special cable trench, cable row pipe, or cable tunnel, subject to good safety isolation and protection.

The depth is mostly less than half a meter, and the higher the voltage level, the deeper the cable is buried.

而且, there will be a cable work well or a cable marker stake as a marker every few dozen meters on the ground where the cable is buried to remind people of safety.

所以, underground cables mainly do not cause danger to residents.